How are condylomas transmitted: routes of transmission and their features

For a long time, growths on the skin were not associated with a viral nature of origin. And only with the development of virology it was established that formations growing from the epithelium are provoked by HPV. This infection is incurable and, once it enters the body, may not manifest itself for a long time, being activated under the influence of unfavorable factors.

Ridge growths on the epithelium of the genital organs, inside the intestines or larynx are called condylomas. Most often, these formations are benign in origin and rarely degenerate into malignant tumors. How are condylomas transmitted?

and how to recognize them, eliminate them and avoid infection?

Symptoms and signs of condylomas

In most cases, condylomas are localized on the surface of the genital organs. Growths belong to the group of benign neoplasms that have a risk of degenerating into malignant ones. About three hundred million people are infected around the world. Women are more likely to suffer from manifestations of the virus, while men remain sources of infection. What condylomas look like depends on the specific type of HPV.

If we talk about symptoms, the disease may not manifest itself for a long time. As soon as changes occur in the body that reduce a person’s immune barriers, condylomas begin to cause obvious discomfort. It manifests itself in:

• mild itching;
• redness of the skin;
• formation of small tubercles.

The growths gradually grow and take the form of a papule, spot or cockscomb. The number of genital warts may increase, and the itching may become stronger.

Upon visual examination, growths are often confused with papules, papillomas or molluscum contagiosum. To make a correct and accurate diagnosis, an examination by a specialist and tests are required.

Development mechanism

When the papillomavirus is transmitted from a sick person to a healthy person, the latter may not experience a pathological process immediately. To activate the virus, it is necessary that the immune system is weak and does not protect the human body from pathogenic microorganisms. On average, the incubation period lasts 7-8 months. In people with strong immunity, condylomas may appear after a few years; in other cases, warts appear within a month. Papillomavirus develops as follows:

1. Pathogenic microorganisms penetrate healthy cells of epithelial tissue or mucous membrane. The penetration of the virus is facilitated by existing microtraumas, which are associated with mechanical damage, bacterial infection or inflammation.
2. With a weakened immune system, the DNA of normal cells is replaced by a viral one, thus the disease begins to progress.
3. When there are many viral cells, condyloma appears on the skin or mucous membrane. If multiple condylomas appear, they form into one large formation.

Condylomas grow in the intimate area of ​​a person, provoking changes at the gene level in healthy cells.
When the surface layer of the epithelium is sent for cytological examination, it is discovered that cells infected with the virus have smaller parameters and have a light-colored rim around the cell nucleus. If the nature of the disease is benign, then there are a small number of such viral cells.

Causes

Condylomas in men and women can appear due to the following reasons:

• unprotected sexual intercourse;
• decreased immune defense in acute respiratory infections or acute respiratory viral infections;
• general use of personal hygiene items and products;
• oral or anal sex;
• stress;
• vaginal dysbiosis;
• decreased immunity due to HIV or syphilis;
• endometritis or endometriosis;
• pregnancy and decreased protective functions in the body;
• taking glucocorticoid drugs.

Complications

Condylomas themselves on the head, labia or other surfaces of the body are not as dangerous as complications after them. The infection rate is 80-90%.

The proliferation of genital warts can lead to:

• the addition of a secondary infection (suppuration, inflammation);
• fusion of the foreskin;
• malignant tumors.

Therefore, it is impossible to postpone the removal of condylomas with a laser or other method. It is necessary to eliminate not only the warts themselves, but also to comprehensively strengthen the immune defense of your body.

HPV types:

• HPV that appears as warts (HPV 1-5):

• warts (calluses) located on the soles of the feet – HPV types 1-4;
• flat warts – HPV types 3, 10, 28, 49;
• common warts – HPV type 27.

• HPV infecting the genitals and respiratory tract - HPV types 6, 11, 13, 16, 18, 31, 33, 35.
• HPV, manifested by rashes (transitional, precancerous condition) - 39 and other types of HPV .

When to see a doctor

If you begin to notice pointed bulges on your body that were definitely not observed before, we recommend that you immediately contact a specialist. You should not wait until the disease begins to cause complications. Removal of genital warts is recommended to take care of health and maintain aesthetic beauty. For example, burning out a tumor with a laser is one of the fastest and most effective methods. The procedure takes a few minutes. The patient may only feel a slight burning sensation, a feeling of warmth. The procedure is not accompanied by pain or severe discomfort. It is not hazardous to health. The laser beam hits a precisely targeted target. Healthy tissues are not affected. Therefore, laser cauterization does not leave scars or stains. A small brown spot then forms at the site of the condyloma. The dermis will heal within 5-10 days. A crust will appear on the surface that cannot be picked or scratched. It provides protection against bacteria and infection.

As soon as the site of the removed condyloma heals, the crust will fall off on its own. Immediately after the procedure, you should not take a bath, visit the sauna, pool, or be in the open sun. All water procedures are acceptable after 5-7 days.

You can receive complex treatment at JSC "Medicine" (clinic of Academician Roitberg) in the center of Moscow at the address: Mayakovskaya metro station, 2nd Tverskoy-Yamskaya lane, building 10. Leading specialists work here, who select an individual approach for each patient, taking into account characteristics of his illness.

Household way

It does not occur too often, since it requires the presence of several causative factors at once. This is a very low immunity, microtraumas and a virus that has survived in the external environment. Manifestations of the disease can occur from 2-3 weeks after infection to 2-3 years. For some people, the virus never becomes active. They find out about the infection after undergoing tests before planning a child, at the request of a partner, or for preventive purposes.

During pregnancy, women are prescribed a diagnosis for HPV with a high level of oncogenicity. This is done to prevent infection of the child from the mother during childbirth. Every second child from infected parents is considered a carrier of HPV. During household contacts, one child often transmits the pathogen to another on personal items that children share with each other.

The virus is able to survive in the external environment even in a bathhouse, sauna, swimming pool and public shower in a gym, despite the sanitization of these premises. Therefore, in such establishments you should never touch anything with exposed areas of the body. This is especially true for public toilets and toilets in them.

Treatment

Professional doctors resort to the following as treatment for condylomas in men and women:

• candles;
• solutions;
• tablets;
• ointments.

Additionally, antiviral drugs and immunomodulators are used.

To solve the problem, cauterization of condylomas is often prescribed. For this purpose, acids and alkalis are used. Removal occurs by thermal burn. The danger of the method lies in the fact that when the active components come into contact with healthy skin, scars form.

An experienced doctor will perform the procedure carefully and painlessly using the following method:

• cryodestruction;
• electrocoagulation;
• laser;
• radio wave therapy.

Transfer in a public place

If condylomas occur , methods of infection

you need to look for contact of a person or child with an infected person in a public place. Infection can occur:

• At school;
• kindergarten;
• At work;
• in a swimming pool;
• on the beach, etc.

To avoid infection, you should take care of your immunity, get rid of bad habits, and switch to high-quality nutrition. In addition, it is good to monitor the condition of the skin, treat wounds and cracks. It is imperative to avoid sexual contact with strangers and not to take other people's things.

Condylomas: causes, symptoms and treatment of tumors on the human body

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Home remedies

At home, patients usually use the following treatment for genital warts. To do this, apply liquid celandine to the tumors several times a day. Alternatively you can use juice:

• aloe;
• sour apples;
• beets;
• Kalanchoe.

It is important to use these methods very carefully. Do not allow acid to come into contact with healthy skin tissue to avoid burns. The use of acids is not suitable if growths appear on the vaginal mucosa, on the head of the penis or on the anus. These are particularly sensitive fabrics that require more gentle treatment.

Sometimes patients use thyme baths and onions pickled in vinegar. Often such measures give the desired result, but do not guarantee getting rid of genital warts forever. It is recommended to combine methods of folk and traditional medicine, and also try to strengthen the immune system in different ways. This will allow you to achieve long-term remission of the disease.

How does infection occur?

Contrary to popular belief, the virus is not transmitted through biological fluids: saliva, blood, semen. The pathogen is localized only in the skin and mucous membranes, penetrating into the inner layers, but does not circulate throughout the body.

Important!

HPV can remain inactive for a long time. Therefore, you can become infected with condylomas and not know it. The virus does not manifest itself until favorable conditions for development are created.

HPV is transmitted through injured areas of mucous membranes and skin, as well as at the junction of two types of epithelial tissue: cylindrical and flat multilayer. The easiest way for a pathogen to penetrate and multiply is in a weakened body.

If you have good immunity, infection will not occur. If the virus still manages to penetrate the body, special cells - lymphocytes - will not allow it to multiply. They are responsible for fighting microorganisms, destroying them. To do this, immune cells produce specific antibodies.

Prevention

In order to prevent the formation of condylomas in men on the head of the penis, in women in intimate places, it is necessary to follow simple recommendations:

• strengthen immunity;
• do not have promiscuous sex life;
• protect sexual intercourse;
• observe the rules of personal hygiene;
• Do not use other people's towels, clothes, or bed linen.

You should also try to adhere to a healthy lifestyle, walk in the fresh air more often, regularly take basic tests and, at the first signs of illness, seek help from a specialist.

How to make an appointment with a doctor

In our clinic, you can make an appointment with a doctor who, if you suspect condylomas, will prescribe diagnostic tests and an individual treatment regimen. Genital condylomas are dealt with by proctologists (for anal condylomas), gynecologists (for condylomas in the vagina and on the labia), urologists (for condylomas on the penis). You can also contact a venereologist or surgeon.

JSC "Medicine" (clinic of Academician Roitberg) is located in the Central Administrative District of Moscow at the address: Mayakovskaya metro station, 2nd Tverskoy-Yamskaya lane, 10. It is convenient to get to us from the Belorusskaya, Novoslobodskaya, Tverskaya, Chekhovskaya metro stations.

To make an appointment, call the contact number +7 (495) 995-00-33. Calls are accepted 24 hours a day. There is also a feedback service. To do this, fill out and submit the electronic form on the website indicating your name and phone number.